Supplemental Content for December 2016 Echoes
Follow up on 1960 Donner Ridge Fire
After we published our December 2016 Echoes about the 1960 Donner Ridge Fire (pp. 4-6), a reader saw our article and contacted us. Ironically, he had completed writing a recollection of events fighting the Donner Ridge Fire. With his permission, you may read his story here.
Truckee and the Pullman Strike of 1894
In our research about the Pullman Strike of 1894 and the role that Truckee played in that strike, the following are reference materials consulted for the article.
Books
* Fire & Ice, A Portrait of Truckee, by Paul. A. Lord, Jr., 1981, p. 25; 1994 edition, pp. 26-27
* The “City Guard”: A History of Company “B,” First Regiment Infantry, N.G.C., During the Sacramento Campaign, July 3 to 26, 1894, Filmer-Rollins Electrotype Co., San Francisco, 1895. ("Company B")
* The Pullman Strike and the Crisis of the 1890s, Essays on Labor and Politics, Edited by Richard Schneirov, Shelton Stromquist, and Nick Salvatore, University of Illinois Press, 1999, p. 125
* The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders 1877-1945 by Clayton D. Laurie and Ronald H. Cole, Army Historical Series, Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, DC 1997; Jeffrey J. Clarke, General Editor, Advisory Committee (as of October 1996) (“Laurie”); book available at this website http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-15-1/CMH_Pub_30-15-1.pdf
* History of the California National Guard during the 1894 Railroad Strike, completed in 1940 by the Workers Progress Administration (WPA) in conjunction with California National Guard and the California State Library, digitized by the History Office, Camp San Luis Obispo, February 10, 2015; original document on file at the California State Library. (“Guard”). There is an eight page listing of the Troops of the Second Brigade, Company and Regiment number, date called for strike duty, headquarters while on strike duty and duration of active service, commanding officers and date relieved from strike duty. Article available at this link
Newspaper Articles
* The Boston Daily Globe, 14 July 1894, pp. 1, 4
* Harper's Weekly, 21 July 1894, "Some lessons of the Great Strike," pp. 674-77.
* Los Angeles Herald, Volume 42, Number 99, 19 July 1894 — SCARCITY OF TRAINMEN. [ARTICLE]; Scarcity of trainmen and "Violence and
Treachery Still to be Guarded Against."
* Nevada State Journal, 30 June 1894, p. 3
* Nevada State Journal, 12 July 1894, accessed October 3, 2016
* Omaha Daily Bee, 16 August 1894
* Reno Gazette-Journal, 29 June 1894, p. 3
* Reno Evening Gazette, 18 July 1894, p. 1
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 31, 1 July 1894 — A FULL STOP. [ARTICLE] A Full Stop. Blocked the Train at Fresno.
* The San Francisco Call, 2 July 1894, p. 2
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 41, 11 July 1894 — UP THE RIVER. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTR33ATION]
* The San Francisco Call, 19 July 1894, p. 1
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 54, 24 July 1894, p. 1 — TO MOVE FREIGHT. [ARTICLE]
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 59, 29 July 1894 — WANTED BY KNOX. [ARTICLE] Continued Failure to Connect the Mediation
Committee With the Wreck at the Trestle.
* San Francisco Call, Volume 78, Number 89, 28 August 1895 — ON THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC'S BLACKLIST. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]
* San Francisco Chronicle, 13 May 1894, p. 14
* Sierra Sun, Doug Barrett, 23 May 1975, "Army had big role in Truckee."
* Sierra Sun, Guy H. Coates, 22 June 1985, “Fear of unrest brought troops to Truckee in ’94.”
* Woodland Daily Democrat, 25 July 1894, accessed October 3, 2016
Other Sources
* Railroads and the Making of Modern America
* Pullman Strike - Britannica
* Wikipedia - definition of "consist"
* Wikipedia - Pullman Strike
Image Collection References
There are additional images of scenes representing the Great Railroad Pullman Strike of 1894 in lithographs and photomechanical prints available through the Library of Congress. Some representative images are below:
* Great picture of train leaving Chicago under escort of US Cavalry, July 10, 1894, Harper's Weekly, 1894 July 28, p. 701 - access via google books link
* another great "photo" railroad strike 1894, showing special patrolling train in Illinois
* halftone photomechanical print in Chicago
* miles of burned freight-cars in the railroad yards of Chicago
* Workers' gate at Pullman Company railroad yard during strike
* the Town of Pullman, IL - the homes and wages of the Pullman operative
* Chicago strikes - giving the butt the way the "regular" infantry tackles a mob
* The Great railway strikes - scenes in and about Chicago; more strike scenes; and yet more strike scenes
* Illinois National Guards picket in the streets of Chicago at night
* interior of Pullman Dining Car on Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton RR
Books
* Fire & Ice, A Portrait of Truckee, by Paul. A. Lord, Jr., 1981, p. 25; 1994 edition, pp. 26-27
* The “City Guard”: A History of Company “B,” First Regiment Infantry, N.G.C., During the Sacramento Campaign, July 3 to 26, 1894, Filmer-Rollins Electrotype Co., San Francisco, 1895. ("Company B")
* The Pullman Strike and the Crisis of the 1890s, Essays on Labor and Politics, Edited by Richard Schneirov, Shelton Stromquist, and Nick Salvatore, University of Illinois Press, 1999, p. 125
* The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders 1877-1945 by Clayton D. Laurie and Ronald H. Cole, Army Historical Series, Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, DC 1997; Jeffrey J. Clarke, General Editor, Advisory Committee (as of October 1996) (“Laurie”); book available at this website http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/030/30-15-1/CMH_Pub_30-15-1.pdf
* History of the California National Guard during the 1894 Railroad Strike, completed in 1940 by the Workers Progress Administration (WPA) in conjunction with California National Guard and the California State Library, digitized by the History Office, Camp San Luis Obispo, February 10, 2015; original document on file at the California State Library. (“Guard”). There is an eight page listing of the Troops of the Second Brigade, Company and Regiment number, date called for strike duty, headquarters while on strike duty and duration of active service, commanding officers and date relieved from strike duty. Article available at this link
Newspaper Articles
* The Boston Daily Globe, 14 July 1894, pp. 1, 4
* Harper's Weekly, 21 July 1894, "Some lessons of the Great Strike," pp. 674-77.
* Los Angeles Herald, Volume 42, Number 99, 19 July 1894 — SCARCITY OF TRAINMEN. [ARTICLE]; Scarcity of trainmen and "Violence and
Treachery Still to be Guarded Against."
* Nevada State Journal, 30 June 1894, p. 3
* Nevada State Journal, 12 July 1894, accessed October 3, 2016
* Omaha Daily Bee, 16 August 1894
* Reno Gazette-Journal, 29 June 1894, p. 3
* Reno Evening Gazette, 18 July 1894, p. 1
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 31, 1 July 1894 — A FULL STOP. [ARTICLE] A Full Stop. Blocked the Train at Fresno.
* The San Francisco Call, 2 July 1894, p. 2
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 41, 11 July 1894 — UP THE RIVER. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTR33ATION]
* The San Francisco Call, 19 July 1894, p. 1
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 54, 24 July 1894, p. 1 — TO MOVE FREIGHT. [ARTICLE]
* San Francisco Call, Volume 76, Number 59, 29 July 1894 — WANTED BY KNOX. [ARTICLE] Continued Failure to Connect the Mediation
Committee With the Wreck at the Trestle.
* San Francisco Call, Volume 78, Number 89, 28 August 1895 — ON THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC'S BLACKLIST. [ARTICLE+ILLUSTRATION]
* San Francisco Chronicle, 13 May 1894, p. 14
* Sierra Sun, Doug Barrett, 23 May 1975, "Army had big role in Truckee."
* Sierra Sun, Guy H. Coates, 22 June 1985, “Fear of unrest brought troops to Truckee in ’94.”
* Woodland Daily Democrat, 25 July 1894, accessed October 3, 2016
Other Sources
* Railroads and the Making of Modern America
* Pullman Strike - Britannica
* Wikipedia - definition of "consist"
* Wikipedia - Pullman Strike
Image Collection References
There are additional images of scenes representing the Great Railroad Pullman Strike of 1894 in lithographs and photomechanical prints available through the Library of Congress. Some representative images are below:
* Great picture of train leaving Chicago under escort of US Cavalry, July 10, 1894, Harper's Weekly, 1894 July 28, p. 701 - access via google books link
* another great "photo" railroad strike 1894, showing special patrolling train in Illinois
* halftone photomechanical print in Chicago
* miles of burned freight-cars in the railroad yards of Chicago
* Workers' gate at Pullman Company railroad yard during strike
* the Town of Pullman, IL - the homes and wages of the Pullman operative
* Chicago strikes - giving the butt the way the "regular" infantry tackles a mob
* The Great railway strikes - scenes in and about Chicago; more strike scenes; and yet more strike scenes
* Illinois National Guards picket in the streets of Chicago at night
* interior of Pullman Dining Car on Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton RR
Footnotes
1. The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders 1877-1945 by Clayton D. Laurie and Ronald H. Cole, Army Historical Series, Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, DC 1997; Jeffrey J. Clarke, General Editor, Advisory Committee (as of October 1996) (“Laurie”)
2. A subsequent Sierra Sun Barrett article was issued June 6, 1975 entitled “Soldiers had it good during Truckee duty.”
3. The ARU had been formed only a year earlier in June 1893.
4. Laurie explains that The Central Pacific had been a “military road” since the Act of 1 July 1892 and was entitled to federal military protection. Laurie, p. 129.
5. Other cities were Los Angeles, Bakersfield, San Jose, Stockton, San Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento, Port Costa and Dunsmuir. Guard, p. 3 [1707]. See books above.
6. In the United States, the term consist is used to describe the group of rail vehicles which make up a train.
7. San Francisco Call, 20 November 1897, page 9, column 6 Pullman Palace Sleepers. Image of Advertisement. California Digital Newspaper Collection.
1. The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders 1877-1945 by Clayton D. Laurie and Ronald H. Cole, Army Historical Series, Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, DC 1997; Jeffrey J. Clarke, General Editor, Advisory Committee (as of October 1996) (“Laurie”)
2. A subsequent Sierra Sun Barrett article was issued June 6, 1975 entitled “Soldiers had it good during Truckee duty.”
3. The ARU had been formed only a year earlier in June 1893.
4. Laurie explains that The Central Pacific had been a “military road” since the Act of 1 July 1892 and was entitled to federal military protection. Laurie, p. 129.
5. Other cities were Los Angeles, Bakersfield, San Jose, Stockton, San Francisco, Oakland, Sacramento, Port Costa and Dunsmuir. Guard, p. 3 [1707]. See books above.
6. In the United States, the term consist is used to describe the group of rail vehicles which make up a train.
7. San Francisco Call, 20 November 1897, page 9, column 6 Pullman Palace Sleepers. Image of Advertisement. California Digital Newspaper Collection.
In an effort to better understand the origins of the Pullman Strike of 1894, we also consulted the February 24, 1970 application for National Register of Historic Place Inventory - Nomination Form, Cook County, Illinois, then Form 10-300a (July 1969), for the Pullman Historic District, reference # 69000054. We located this in the NRHP Links 2015.xlsx and the form was prepared by Division of History, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service Historian. In Section 8, Significance, pp. 275, 277, there is a very concise explanation of the cause of the Pullman Strike of 1894.
A Memorial and biographical history of Northern California: containing a history of this important section of the Pacific Coast from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time. Chicago, Lewis Pub. Co., 1891, p. 180, "[Truckee] became the principal point between Sacramento and Ogden." and "The business of Truckee has been confined to three articles, - lumber, wood and ice. The town is the third of the large towns of Nevada County, is located eat of the Sierra Nevadas, on the line of the central Pacific. In the vicinity are six saw-mills, manufacturing about 24,000,000 feet of lumber annually, mostly yellow pine." Truckee is a favorite stopping place for tourists, being in the 'heart of the Sierras'" and connected by stage to other interesting points.
The author also stumbled on another book published in 1881, the Pacific Tourist, Frederick E. Shearer Adams & Bishop publishers (prefacing pages), in which there is a representative drawing of what the inside of one of the Pullman Palace Sleeper cars looked like.
Updated HCS 2/25/2018